Yiziphi izilimi zolimi eJalimane? Izilimi zolimi lwesiJalimane

IZIKHUNGO ZOLIMI LWAMAJalimane. Kulesi sihloko, sizonikeza imininingwane ngezikhungo zolimi ezisebenza eJalimane. Izikhungo ezifana ne-Turkish Language Institution eTurkey nazo ziyatholakala eJalimane. Manje sizonikeza imininingwane ngezikhungo zolimi eJalimane.

Der Deutsche Sprachverein
(I-German Language Association)

Imizamo yokuhlanza ulimi lwesiJalimane kusuka kumazwi angaphandle azuze ubukhulu obusha, ikakhulukazi ngempi yaseFrance ye-1870. Kakhulu kangangokuthi kwaba nesenzo esihle ngokumelene namazwe angaphandle kuzo zonke izingxenye zomphakathi. Ukudala ukuqwashisa kwezwe kulo mkhakha, Ngokokuqala ngqa ku-1876, bahlangana emhlanganweni ukuze baxhumane nolimi lwesiJalimane nemithetho eqinile. Ulimi lukaJalimane lwe-German (1883) nolwasemijimini olukhulu lwesiJalimane lwabazalwane baseGrimm (1854) lwavela ngesikhathi esifanayo. Zonke lezi zifundo, ngokubizwa komlando-mlando waseJalimane uHermann Riegel, isazi-mlando sobuciko; futhi i-German Language Association yasungulwa ngo-1885.
Izinhloso zalesi sikhungo kukhona; Ukuhlonipha nokunakekela umoya weqiniso wolimi lwesiJalimane, ukuvusa ukuqonda kokuhlanzeka, ukuchithwa, ukuvuleka nobuhle bolimi lolimi nokudala ulwazi lwezwe ngokukhulula ulimi kumazwi angaphandle.
Ngenxa yalezi zinhloso, i-1 April 1886 yanyatheliswa nguHr.Gelgel, inhloko ye-German Journal of Public Language, inhlangano yesikhungo. Ngenkathi udala leli phephandaba, ukuhlelwa kokuqukethwe komphakathi kwakulungiswa ngokushiya izinkolelo nemigomo yezilimi.

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I-25 ye-German Language Association. I-324 inamagatsha eRomania, eBelgium, eSwitzerland nase-USA futhi inamalungu angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu. Isikhungo siphumelele kakhulu emkhakheni weziphathimandla zomphakathi kanye nemfundo. Kodwa kukhona umehluko wemibono phakathi komphakathi wezemfundo kanye nabalobi. U-Preußische Jahrbücher "(i-Prussian Annals) yayiyilungu elibaluleke kunazo zonke lokuhamba phambili, kuhlanganise nezilimi nabalobi njengoTheodor Fontane, Heyse, u-Erich Schmidt noDelbrück. Ngokwesimemezelo esashicilelwe abacwaningi kulo magazini, kugcizelelwe ukuthi kwakungekho mpi ngokumelene namazwe angaphandle nokuthi lokhu akuzange kuphenduke icala lezwe. Noma kunjalo, isikhungo sikwazi ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa kwayo.

Eminye imisebenzi yesikhungo ihlanganisa izihloko zesayensi, izincwadi zokuhlaselwa (izincwadi zokudla zaseJalimane, imigomo yezohwebo, ezemidlalo, ucingo, izichazamazwi zolimi ezisemthethweni, njll), izimemezelo ezikhungweni ezisemthethweni kanye nezinhlangano, izihloko ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Ulimi Lwamagama emaphephandabeni nasemhlanganweni owenziwa emizini ehlukahlukene yaseJalimane. itholakala.
I-1.Ngenkathi yeMpi Yezwe I, ukuhlolwa kobumfihlo bezilimi eJalimane kwaba umqondo ohlukile futhi waba yisisusa sikazwelonke. U-Eduard Engel ungomunye wabalobi abahola kule nkathi. Ngokusho kwakhe, isiJalimane asisakhulumi eJalimane futhi ulimi luyabonakala kancane kancane. Ulimi lwesiJalimane lube 'ulimi oluxubile' lwezilimi ezahlukene. (Entwelschung, Verdeutschungsbuch für Amt, Schule, Haus und Leben, 1918) Ngokusho kuka-Engel, ukusebenzisa amagama angaphandle kungukuhlukunyezwa.
I-German Language Association, eyayisekela ukufika kukaHitler ku-1933; "Vuka eJalimane uqobo usekela iNational Socialists ngokukhipha amapheshana ngaphansi kwezihloko ze-Uyarı Warning kubantu baseJalimane". Ngonyaka ofanayo, lesi sikhungo saba yilungu lamaNazi futhi isihloko somagazini sashintshwa saba yi-Muttersprache, i-Zeitschrift des Deustchen Sprachvereins mit Berichten des Deutschen Sprachpflegeamts "(Journal of the German Language Association, Izindaba ezivela eJalimane uLimi Lokunakekelwa Kweelwimi). Kodwa-ke, isikhungo, esinefomethi eshintshiwe, siphile kusukela ku-1943 kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi.

I-Die Gesellschaft Für Deutsche Sprache
(I-German Language Society)

I-10 ngoJanuwari 1947, kwasungulwa i- "Die Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache" eLünebirg, eJalimane, ngaphansi kobuholi bukaMax Wachler wokuvuselela iNhlangano Yezilimi yaseJalimane ngemuva kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba. Ngemuva kokudingida izinhloso zeNhlangano, kwathathwa isinqumo sokuthi iphephabhuku i “Muttersprache” (Umama Ulimi) lizophinde lishicilelwe kuqala bese iphephabhuku iN Muttersprache - Zeitschrift zur Pflege und Erforschung der Deutschen Sprache “ iqala kusuka. Lo mphakathi, ngokungafani ne-German Language Association, uhlose ukukhuluma ngamagama aphesheya hhayi ngoba “angaphandle,, kepha ngokuya ngokuthi agqoke noma agqoke.
Izinhloso ze-German Language Society zifingqiwe kanje:
• Ukusiza noma ubani odinga ukululekwa ngezinkinga zolimi
• Nika isandla ekuqondeni kangcono ukubaluleka nokusebenza kolimi lomama
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lolu limi luthandwa futhi luyaluthanda lolu thando
• Khuthaza umphakathi wolimi lwesiJalimane ukuthuthukisa isithakazelo solimi nolwimi
Ngokuhambisana nalezi zinhloso, i-German Language Society iye yabambisana neziphathimandla nezinye izikhungo, zanyathelisa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kanye nezinkomfa ezihlelekile nezifundo.
Ngemuva kwe-1970, iNhlangano yabe igxila ekulimeni kwezilimi nezakhiwo zomphakathi, ulimi olujwayelekile, ubudlelwane bomgomo wezinlimi nezilimi ze-informatics. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuye kwagxeka izilimi eziningi. Inhlangano yasabela kulezi zikhalazo kanje: 'into ebalulekile akumele isebenzise igama elilodwa noma ngaphezulu, kodwa ukusebenzisa' amagama afanele '.

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I-Institut Für Deutsche Sprache
(I-German Language Institute)

I-German Language Institute (IDS) yasungulwa ku-1969 eMannheim, eJalimane. Ngokungafani nemiphakathi yezilimi kuze kube manje, lesi sikhungo sasungulwa ososayensi abaye benza umsebenzi ophumelelayo ngezilimi nangomlando wolimi: UPaul Grebe, uRudolf Hotenköcherle, uKarl Kurt Klein, uRichard Hensen, Jost Trier, uLobert Weisgeber noHugo Moser.

Izindawo zokucwaninga eziyinhloko ze-German Language Institute ziyi:
1. Isigaba se-Grammar nesichazamazwi: Kulesi sigaba, isakhiwo solimi nezifundo zesichazamazwi ezihlobene nezindawo ezahlukene zenziwa.
2. Izilimi zokuqhathanisa: Kulesi sigaba, amaphrojekthi ayenziwa ukuze kuqhathaniswe isiJalimane nezinye izilimi.
3. Ulimi Lwezinguquko Zomnyango Wezinguquko: Ucwaningo lwezilimi lwekhompyutha luyenziwa kulo mnyango.
4. Isigaba Esiyinhloko: Umnyango obhekana nokuguqulwa kwesipelingi nokuthuthukiswa kolimi.

Eminye imisebenzi ye-German Language Institute yilezi;

I-Sprache der Gegenwart (i-Contemporary German),
Linguistische Grundlagen, Forschungen des IDS,
I-IDs ye-Forschungsberichte (Imibiko Yocwaningo Lwezesayensi Ye-German Language Institute),
Hlola izifundo ze-Grammatik zur deustchen (IziLwimi ze-Grammar German)
I-Deutsche Sprache (i-German Language Magazine),
I-JERMANISTIK iyimagazini eveza yonke imisebenzi eshicilelwe emkhakheni woLimi LwaseJalimane noLwazi.

Ngokusho kukaHugo Moser, i-German Language Institute inesithakazelo ekucwaningweni okusekelwe ku-"Linguistic System" futhi ayikho umsebenzi ochazayo.
Kubonakala sengathi; imingcele nezimo zengqondo ezijwayelekile ezivezwe emlandweni azizange zibe nemiphumela emihle. Kuleli qophelo, i-German Language Institute ithathe isifundo esihle emlandweni wakamuva futhi ikhethe ukungenzi umzamo onjalo futhi isebenza.

Ungabhala noma yimiphi imibuzo nokuphawula ngezifundo zethu zaseJalimane ezinkundleni ze-almancax. Yonke imibuzo yakho izophendulwa ngabafundisi be-almancax.