Kungani, Kanjani, Yini ngeJalimane

IsiJalimane: hlobo luni lolimi?

Ulimi Umndeni
Umndeni: Indo-European
Iqembu elincane: Umndeni wolimi lwesiJalimane
Umkhono: Izilimi zaseNtshonalanga

IsiJalimane singezinye zezilimi eziyinhloko zamasiko ezikhulunywa ngabantu abacishe babe yizigidi eziyikhulu emhlabeni waseNtshonalanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhulunywa isiJalimane e-Alsace-Lorraine yaseMpumalanga yeFrance nase-Alto Adige yaseNyakatho ye-Italy, naseMpumalanga yeBelgium, eLuxembourg naseLiechtenstein. Kunabantu abangaba yisigidi esisodwa noma isigamu abakhuluma isiJalimane e-USA, nabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ayisihlanu eCanada kanye namakoloni amakhulu aseNingizimu Melika nasekude kakhulu njengeNamibia neKazakhstan.

Njengezinye izilimi ezivela emndenini wolimi lwesiJalimane, isiJalimane siyilungu lomndeni wolimi lwase-Indo-European. Uhlelo lokubhala lwaseJalimane lujwayelekile, kepha izilimi ezikhulunywayo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu futhi kwesinye isikhathi kungavela nezinkinga ezinjengezikhala zokuxhumana. Lezi zigodi zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili, iHigh German kanye neLow German: High German (Hochdeutsch) dialect iyakhulunywa emagqumeni aphakeme eningizimu. Lolu limi lusetshenziswa njengolimi olujwayelekile olubhalwayo, ikakhulukazi ezincwadini, emaphephandabeni, nasezindaweni lapho kukhulunywa khona izilimi eziphansi zaseJalimane. Ulimi oluphansi lwaseJalimane lukhulunywa emathafeni asenyakatho kanti nohlelo lwemisindo luseduze nesiNgisi. Isibonelo, njengoba kubonakala kumagama athi 'umnyango' (umnyango-Upper German: Type) no 'eten' (to eat-YA: essen).

Ngokwesiko lalibhalwe ngesiJalimane ngekhulu le-14 ngesitayela seGothic esaziwa ngokuthi 'Fraktur'. Kepha II. Esikhathini esalandela iMpi Yezwe II, i-Fraktur yathathelwa indawo kakhulu izinhlobo zohlobo lwesiLatini ezisetshenziswa kuyo yonke iNtshonalanga Yurophu. Umbhalo wesiLatini ufaka uhlamvu olulodwa kuphela olungeziwe u-'b 'noma u-double' s '. Futhi incwadi j as y (ngokwesibonelo, ja-yes); incwadi w as v (weiss-white); Incwadi v ibizwa ngokuthi f (vier-four). Ngaphandle kwalokho, isilabhili se-sch ngu-sh (Schnee-snow); Uhlamvu lwamagama u-st luthiwa sht (Strasse-street) kanye ne-sp syllable njenge-shp (ukukhuluma-ukukhuluma). Okuwukuphela kwesibonakaliso sefonotiki iphuzu eliphindwe kabili (uRücken-back) elibekwe ezinhlamvwini u-o, o no-u. IsiJalimane ukuphela kolimi lapho wonke amagama aqala khona ngofeleba.

Njengoba isiNgisi siwumndeni okhuluma isiJalimane, akumangazi ukuthi amagama azo zombili lezi zilimi ayafana. Amagama athi 'umunwe, isandla, ibhotela, indandatho, igama, ukufudumala nokungaboni' asho kahle ukuthi asho ukuthini esiNgisini ngesiJalimane. Amanye amagama aseJalimane afana kakhulu nesiNgisi: uVater (ubaba-ubaba), uMutter (umama-mama), uFreund (umngane-umngane), uGott (uNkulunkulu-uNkulunkulu), uLicht (ukukhanya okukhanyayo), uWasser (amanzi-su) I-Feur (umlilo-umlilo), i-Silber (isiliva-isiliva), i-Brot (isinkwa sesinkwa), iMilch (ubisi-ubisi), i-Fisch (inhlanzi-inhlanzi), i-Apfel (i-apula-apula), iBuch (incwadi yencwadi), i-gout (enhle), ephansi (endala), i-kalt (ebanda kakhulu) ne-blau (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Amagama aseJalimane asanda kuvela ngesiNgisi: Schnitzel, sauerkraut, pumpernickel, kindergarten, dachshund, poodle, yodel, lager, ersatz, edelweiss, meerschaum, wanderlust, hinterland, ne-blizkrieg. Amagama athi Frankfurther nelithi hamburger avela emadolobheni aseJalimane iFrankfurt neHamburg.

Igama elithi “isiJalimane” livela ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene kwezinye izilimi. 'deutsch' ngesiJalimane, 'tedesco' ngesi-Italian, 'tysk' ngezilimi zaseScandinavia kanye 'nemetsky' ngesiRashiya

Kungani isiJalimane?

Izinhlelo eziningi zemfundo ezilindele noma eziphakamisa isiJalimane zifaka i-anatomy, ubuciko, umlando, i-biochemistry, i-biology, i-biomedical physics, i-botany, i-chemistry, i-design, ubunjiniyela, ukubuyekezwa kwefilimu, i-genetics, i-linguistics, i-logic kanye ne-technical sciences, i-biology yamangqamuzana, umculo, i-Near EMpumalanga Kunocwaningo, ifilosofi, isayensi yemvelo, i-physics, i-physiology, izifundo zenkolo, ne-zoology.
IsiJalimane siwulimi olubaluleke kakhulu e-European Union nasezimakethe ezikhula ngokushesha eMiddle naseMpumalanga Yurophu.
Iningi labantu alazi ukuthi isiJalimane yilona limi olukhulunywa kakhulu eYurophu.
Uhlangabezana nesiko elithandekayo elinomlando omude namasiko amaningi athakazelisayo.
Uzoba nethuba lokuhlola abadwebi baseJalimane, abaculi, ososayensi nabacabangayo.
Njengomfundi wesikole samabanga aphezulu, ungabamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokushintshana ngabafundi noma uthole ithuba lokuhlangana nabafundi abaningi baseJalimane ezikoleni. IsiJalimane ulimi lwesayensi, ubuchwepheshe, ezentengiselwano, izincwadi, umculo, ukudweba nomlando. Amazwe akhuluma isiJalimane ayizindawo ezinhle kakhulu nezihehayo ongazivakashela.

Ezomnotho

IJalimane ibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho kumalungu ayishumi nanhlanu e-European Union futhi itshala imali kakhulu eMpumalanga Yurophu, e-Asia naseLatin America.
IsiJalimane siwulimi lwezohwebo lwe-European Union futhi lubaluleke kakhulu njengolimi lwebhuloho oluya emazweni angaphambilini e-Eastern Bloc.
IsiJalimane nesiJapane ulimi lokuhlola imikhiqizo emisha ye-Microsoft ezokhishwa. IJalimane neChina babamba imibukiso eminingi yezohwebo emhlabeni wonke, futhi imibukiso yezohwebo iyindlela ephelele yokuthengisa imikhiqizo hhayi kuphela ukusingatha amazwe, kodwa nabasabalalisi emhlabeni jikelele.

Imiklomelo kaNobel
Ukubaluleka kweJalimane akugcini nje ekulinganisweni kwezomnotho. Ukubuyekezwa kwemiklomelo kaNobel kukhombisa ukuthi abantu abaningi abavelele abavela kwamanye amazwe bathole imfundo yabo emanyuvesi aseGerman. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi abangama-21 bamazwe amathathu amakhulu akhuluma isiJalimane baklonyeliswa nge-physics, abangama-30 ekhemistri nabangu-25 kwezokwelapha. Bangu-9 ababhali baseJalimane nabaseSwitzerland abaklonyeliswa ngeNobel Prize ezincwadini, kwathi ingqikithi yemiklomelo engu-7 yaseJalimane neyase-Austrian yaklonyeliswa.

Ukuvakasha
Ukuhamba kuyimboni yezokuzijabulisa neyezezimali. Izivakashi zaseJalimane zinemali eyanele ukuthenga izinto ngenkathi zisendleleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazwe akhuluma isiJalimane aphakathi kwezindawo ezithandwa kakhulu ngabahambi. Uma uhambela eJapane futhi isiNgisi sakho asisihle, zama isiJalimane. Ngoba ama-68% abafundi baseJapan afunda isiJalimane.

Emazweni lapho isiNgisi singaziwa khona, ulwazi lwesiJalimane lungasiza kakhulu. Abasebenzi ababuya eJalimane bangumthombo omuhle walokhu, ngoba ungaxhumana kalula nabo ngolimi lwabo lwesibili, isiJalimane. Ukuhamba unqamula iYurophu kwenziwa kube lula ngamakhono olimi lwesiJalimane. Ngokusho kweHhovisi Langaphandle LaseJalimane, isiJalimane siya ngokuya sibaluleka njengolimi lwakwamanye amazwe emazweni aseMpumalanga naseMpumalanga Yurophu. I-49% yabafundi bezikole zamabanga aphansi baseMpumalanga Yurophu bakhetha isiJalimane kuthi abangu-44% bakhethe isiNgisi. Inani labafundi baseGerman eCzech Republic lenyuke ngama-33% kule minyaka emine eyedlule njengoba kungasadingeki iRussia. Amazwe amaningi anethemba elijabulisayo kubavakashi baseJalimane. Ngakho-ke, nomaphi lapho uya khona eYurophu, ungamukelwa ngolwazi lwesiJalimane.

ezemidlalo
AmaJalimane akhombisa ukuba khona okukhulu emhlabeni wezemidlalo. IGerman inqobe i-European Cup okwesithathu ebholeni futhi yafinyelela kwizindondo zesibili eziphakeme ngokuphelele kuma-Olimpiki ka-1996. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iFederal Republic inqobe inani eliphakeme kakhulu lezindondo kuma-Olimpiki ka-1998. Emlandweni weNdebe Yomhlaba Yomhlaba, iGermany ifinyelele kowamanqamu ngaphezu kwanoma yiliphi elinye izwe. IBrazil yathatha isicoco esizuze kakhulu. Vele, ithenisi ngomunye umdlalo amaJalimane ahamba phambili kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasubathi abavela emazweni akhuluma isiJalimane ngokwesiko bahola ekushibilika eqhweni ezintabeni eziphakeme, lapho isiJalimane kuwulimi oluyinhloko kulo mkhakha.

Okokuzijabulisa Komuntu Siqu
Ukuzijabulisa komuntu siqu kufaka phakathi izindawo eziningi futhi isiJalimane siyaqhubeka siphakamisa okuningi. Abafundi bezomculo abalwazi ulimi lwabaqambi abaphambili basebenzisa ithuba lokuvakashela amakhaya abo nokuhamba emadolobheni abo nasemahlathini. Isibonelo, iBeethoven's 6th Symphony yabhalwa ngaseVienna. Umculi odle isidlo saseViennese futhi okhulume nabase-Austrian umqonda kangcono uBeethoven futhi uzizwa enokuxhumana okuqinile nomculo wakhe.

Abaculi abaningi nabaculi abadume kakhulu emhlabeni basentshonalanga babevela emazweni akhuluma isiJalimane. IVienna, inhlokodolobha yase-Austria, ibiyisikhungo somculo emhlabeni amakhulu eminyaka.Izincwadi zaseJalimane zicebile futhi zinamandla. Ababhali abaningi abahamba phambili emhlabeni bangamaJalimane futhi ukufunda umsebenzi wabo ngolimi lwabo lwangempela kungukuhlangenwe nakho okucwiliswa kakhulu.

Ulwazi lwesiJalimane alugcini ngokunikeza umuntu imigomo ecebile yokubhala neyesayensi kepha futhi lumenza akwazi nokwazi ngentuthuko yamanje, yezomnotho, yezepolitiki neyamasiko.

IsiJalimane siphakathi kwezilimi zakwamanye amazwe ezithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Umhlaba ubona ukubaluleka kwesiJalimane. Siphila emphakathini jikelele futhi kufanele sibheke ngale kwalabo abasizungezile. Sidinga ukubona sonke isithombe.

Amazwe amakhulu lapho kukhulunywa khona isiJalimane:
I-Argentina, i-Austria, iBelgium, iBrazil, iCanada, iChile, iFrance, iJalimane, i-Israel, i-Italy, iKazakhstan, iLiechtenstein, iLuxembourg, iNamibia, iRomania, iSwitzerland neMelika.

IsiJalimane Somhlaba Wonke
IsiJalimane siwulimi lwebele lwabantu ababalelwa ezigidini eziyikhulu. Kukhulunywa kakhulu eJalimane, eSwitzerland, e-Austria, eLuxembourg naseLiechtenstein. Futhi ulimi lwendabuko lwabantu abaningi ezindaweni ezincane ezingomakhelwane zaseBelgium, eFrance naseNyakatho ye-Italy. IsiJalimane sikhulunywa njengolimi lwesibili emazweni amaningi eMpumalanga Yurophu, lapho isiko nolimi lwaseJalimane kudlale khona indima yokuhlanganisa amakhulu eminyaka. Lokhu kwenze isiJalimane saba ulimi olukhulunywa kakhulu eYurophu isikhathi eside. Lolu limi luphinde lukhulunywe kwezinye izifunda ezizimele zomhlaba; isibonelo, ezindaweni ezihlukene zaseNingizimu Melika. IsiJalimane njengamanje sibaluleke kakhulu, ngokwengxenye sibonga isimo somnotho waseJalimane. IJalimane inomnotho obaluleke kakhulu futhi ohola phambili e-EU. E-EU, ukubaluleka kwesiJalimane njengolimi lokuxhumana kuyanda, ikakhulukazi ukungena kwe-Austria ku-EU ngo-100, okwaba nomthelela omkhulu. Ngisho nasemkhakheni wezemidlalo, ingxenye ekhuluma isiJalimane iyagqama. Ebholeni, emlandweni wendebe yomhlaba, iGermany ibambe iqhaza kowamanqamu ukwedlula noma yiliphi elinye izwe, iBrazil yiyona yodwa enamazwe amaningi.

Amagama aseJalimane abukeka njengesiNgisi
Izikhulumi zesiNgisi zihlangabezana namagama asetshenziswe ngesiJalimane njengesiNgisi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bavela emndenini owodwa wolimi.

Amanye amagama esiJalimane Ezinye izenzo zesiJalimane Ezinye izichasiso zesiJalimane

IHaus = indlu (indlu)
singen = ukucula (ukusho)
kufudumele = kufudumele
Buch = incwadi (incwadi)
schwimmen = ukubhukuda (ukubhukuda)
kalt = kubanda (kubanda)
Ibhendi = ibhendi (ibhendi)
trinken = ukuphuza
jung = omncane (omncane)
Umhlaba = umhlaba, isifunda (umhlaba)
washen = ukugeza
i-alt = endala (endala)
Isihlabathi = isihlabathi (isihlabathi)
ukuhlala = ukuhlala (ukuhlala)
nsundu = nsundu (nsundu)
Ukuqina = isiphepho (isiphepho)
kommen = ukuza (ukuza)
blau = okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (okwesibhakabhaka)
I-Wurm = worm ixwayisa = ukuxwayisa (ukuxwayisa)
i-grün = eluhlaza (eluhlaza)
Isandla = isandla (isandla)
helfen = ukusiza (ukusiza)
dumm = isilima (isilima)
Ingalo = ingalo (ingalo)
organisieren = ukuhlela
umoya = umoya (umoya)
Umunwe = umunwe (umunwe)
Indandatho = indandatho (indandatho)
UKnie = idolo (idolo)

Mhlawumbe awazi ukuthi la magama angenhla empeleni asuselwa kusiJalimane.

Ukufunda ulimi olusha kuyindlela ethokozisayo yokucebisa impilo yakho. IsiJalimane siwulimi olucishe lufane nesiNgisi, zombili lezi zilimi zisekelwe emsukweni nasezisekelweni ezifanayo zezilimi. Amagama amaningi nemiqondo kuvamile. Wonke umuntu okhuluma isiNgisi usevele uyawazi amagama amaningi esiJalimane: Ibhola, i-beginnen, i-bringen, i-finden, umunwe, isandla, i-kindergarten, umhlaba, i-mann, imnene, i-singen, namanje, isendle, umoya, ubusika.