Liyini iholo elincane lase-UK (ulwazi olubuyekeziwe luka-2024)

Ingakanani iholo elincane eNgilandi? Mangaki ama-euro umholo omncane wase-UK? Abantu abafuna ukuhlala nokusebenza eNgilandi (United Kingdom) bacwaninga ukuthi ingakanani iholo elincane eNgilandi. Sikuchazela ukuthi mangaki ama-euro, mangaki amaphawundi nokuthi mangaki ama-USD amaholo amanje aphansi kakhulu e-UK.

Ngaphambi kokungena endabeni yokuthi iholo elincane liyini e-UK, kungaba usizo ukunikeza ulwazi lokuqala mayelana namamodeli amaholo amancane asetshenziswa e-UK.

Okokuqala, ake sinikeze ulwazi ngamamodeli amaholo amancane asetshenziswa eNgilandi (United Kingdom).

Iholo elincane eNgilandi

Ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngokuthi ingakanani iholo elincane elise-UK, sidinga ukunikeza ulwazi mayelana nemali yase-UK kanye namamodeli amaholo amancane.

Upondo waseBrithani wuhlobo lwemali olusemthethweni olusetshenziswa yi-United Kingdom. Iphawundi laseBrithani, esakazwa yiBhange LaseNgilandi. I-subunit ye-pound sterling yaseBrithani yi Ipennyyiko futhi 100 pennies kuya 1 British phawundi kulingana. Iphawundi laseBrithani laziwa ngokuthi yi-GBP emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.

E-UK, umholo omncane ngokuvamile unqunywa kabusha ngo-1 Ephreli unyaka ngamunye. Uma kuzonyuka umholo omncane, lokhu kukhuphuka kwenziwa ngo-Ephreli 1 njalo ngonyaka.

Isicelo seholo elincane eNgilandi (United Kingdom) siyahlukahluka kuye ngeminyaka yabasebenzi. Kunezintela ezimbili ezihlukene zamaholo amancane e-UK. Lezi zindleko:

Uma uneminyaka engama-23 noma ngaphezulu, i-National Living Wage iyakhokhwa. Umholo kazwelonke wokuphila uchazwa njengeNational Living Wage (NLW).

Abantu abaneminyaka engaphansi kuka-23 kanye nabafunda umsebenzi baholelwa Iholo Elincane Likazwelonke, elibizwa ngeNational Minimum Wage (NMW).

Ekugcineni, ngomhla ka-1 Ephreli 2023, ubuncane beholo lokuphila eNgilandi labasebenzi abaneminyaka engu-23 nangaphezulu lanqunywa njengo-£23 (10,42 British Pounds). Le nkokhelo yinani lehora. Iholo elincane e-England lizonqunywa kabusha ngo-Ephreli 10,42, 1. Uma ubuncane beholo bunqunywa futhi e-England ngo-Ephreli 2024, 1, sizobuyekeza lesi sihloko futhi simemezele kuwena ngeholo eliphansi elisha.

Manje ake sibone kuthebula inani elincane lomholo elikhokhelwa abasebenzi abaneminyaka engu-23 nangaphezulu kanye nenani elincane lamaholo elikhokhelwa abasebenzi abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-23 kanye nabafunda umsebenzi.

Umholo omncane wase-UK	Inani lamanje (kusukela ngomhla ka-Ephreli 1, 2023)
Iminyaka engu-23 nangaphezulu (Iholo Lempilo Kazwelonke)	£10,42 (12,2 Euro) (13,4 USD)
Iminyaka eyi-21 kuye kwengama-22	£10,18 (11,9 Euro) (13,1 USD)
Iminyaka eyi-18 kuye kwengama-20	£7,49 (8,7 Euro) (13,1 USD)
ngaphansi kwe-18	£5,28 (6 Euro) (6,8 USD)
umfundi	£5,28 (6 Euro) (6,8 USD)

Iholo elincane eNgilandi lagcina ukunqunywa mhla lu-1 kuMbasa wezi-2023 futhi lizonqunywa futhi mhla lu-1 kuMbasa wezi-2024. Uhulumeni ubuyekeza amanani amancane amaholo minyaka yonke futhi ngokuvamile abuyekezwa ngo-April. Umholo owubona etafuleni umholo wehora.

Kusukela mhla lu-1 kuMbasa wezi-2024, abasebenzi abaneminyaka engama-21 nangaphezulu bazofaneleka ukuthola i-National Living Wage.

Kuphambene nomthetho ukuthi umqashi akhokhe imali encane kuneNational Minimum Wage noma iNational Living Wage.

Kufanele futhi bagcine amarekhodi okuhola anembile futhi bawenze atholakale lapho ecelwa.

Uma umqashi engayikhokhi kahle iholo elincane, kufanele axazulule inkinga ngokushesha okukhulu.

Umqashi futhi unesibopho sokukhokha iholo elincane ngesikhathi futhi ngaphandle kokulibala. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngisho noma umsebenzi noma isisebenzi singasaqashiwe.

Kuphambene nomthetho ukuthi umqashi akhokhe imali encane kuneNational Minimum Wage noma iNational Living Wage.

Kufanele futhi bagcine amarekhodi okuhola anembile futhi bawenze atholakale lapho ecelwa.

Uma umqashi engayikhokhi kahle iholo elincane, kufanele axazulule inkinga ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ubani okhokhelwa umholo omncane e-UK?

Wonke umuntu oqashwe njengesisebenzi noma isisebenzi kufanele athole Iholo Likazwelonke Elincane Elincane noma i-National Living Wage.

Ngokwesibonelo,

• abasebenzi besikhathi esigcwele
• abasebenzi besikhashana
• Labo abanokuqeqeshwa okudingekayo kulo msebenzi
• labo abasebenza ebhizinisini elincane noma 'eliqalayo'

Kusebenza naku:

• abasebenzi be-ejensi
• abasebenzi bezolimo
• abafundisi
• izisebenzi zosuku, njengomuntu oqashwe usuku
• abasebenzi betoho
• abasebenzi abahlolwayo
• abasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe
• abasebenzi basezindlini
• abasebenzi base-offshore
• amatilosi
• abasebenzi abakhokhelwa ikhomishini
• Abasebenzi bakhokhelwa ngokwenani lemikhiqizo eyenziwe (ipiece work)
• abasebenzi amahora angu-zero

Izinhlobo kuphela zemisebenzi ezingafakwanga yilezi:

• umsebenzi ozimele (uyazikhethela)
• ivolontiya elilodwa (ngokuzikhethela)
• umphathi wenkampani
• emabuthweni ahlomile
• ukwenza isipiliyoni somsebenzi njengengxenye yesifundo
• isithunzi somsebenzi
• ngaphansi kweminyaka yokuqeda isikole

Uhlala emzini womqashi wakho

Unelungelo lokuthola iholo elincane elifanele uma uhlala ekhaya lomqashi wakho, ngaphandle uma:

• Uma uyilungu lomndeni womqashi, akudingeki ukuthi bakukhokhele ubuncane beholo.
• Uma ungelona ilungu lomndeni lomqashi kodwa uhlanganyela umsebenzi kanye nemisebenzi yokuzilibazisa futhi ungakhokhiswa ngokudla noma indawo yokuhlala, umqashi akudingeki akukhokhele ubuncane beholo.

Izokhuphuka nini iholo elincane e-UK?

Kunezikhathi lapho abasebenzi noma abasebenzi bezoba nelungelo lezinga lomholo elincane eliphakeme, isibonelo:

• Uma uhulumeni enyusa amaholo amancane (imvamisa ngo-Ephreli unyaka nonyaka)
• Uma isisebenzi noma isisebenzi sihlanganisa iminyaka engu-18, 21 noma 23 ubudala
• Uma umfundi eba neminyaka engu-19 noma eqeda unyaka wokuqala wokuqeqeshwa kwakhe kwamanje

Izinga eliphezulu liqala ukusebenza kusukela esikhathini esiyinkomba yomholo ngemva kokukhuphuka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iholo lothile lingase linganyuki ngokushesha. Isikhathi sokubhekisela siyinyanga engu-1 kulabo abahola iholo labo inyanga nenyanga. Isikhathi sesithenjwa asikwazi ukudlula inyanga engu-1.

a e-englandYini engadonswa eholweni elincane?

Umqashi wakho uvunyelwe ukuthi abambe imali ethile Eholo Eliphansi Likazwelonke noma Eholweni Lokuphila Likazwelonke. Lezi zimali ezibanjwayo yilezi:

• intela kanye neminikelo Yomshwalense Kazwelonke
• ukukhokha kusengaphambili noma ukukhokha ngokweqile
• iminikelo yomhlalaphansi
• amaholo ezinyunyana
• indawo yokuhlala ehlinzekwa umqashi wakho

Yini engeke idonswe kumholo omncane?

Ezinye izimali ezidonswa emholweni kanye nezindleko ezihlobene nomsebenzi azikwazi ukwehlisa iholo lakho ngaphansi kwenani eliphansi lomholo.

Ezinye izibonelo:

• amathuluzi
• umfaniswano
• izindleko zokuhamba (ngaphandle kokuya nokubuya emsebenzini)
• izindleko zezifundo zemfundo eyimpoqo

Ungasifaka kuphi isikhalazo uma umqashi ekhokha imali engaphansi komholo omncane?

Uma isisebenzi singakhokhelwanga iholo elincane singakhalaza ku-HMRC. I-HMRC (Imali Engenayo yase-UK kanye Nemikhuba) eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Her-His Majesty's Revenue & Customs.

Izikhalazo eziya ku-HMRC zingaziwa. Umuntu wesithathu, njengomngane, ilungu lomndeni, noma umuntu osebenza naye, angafaka isikhalazo.

Uma i-HMRC ithola ukuthi umqashi akakayikhokhi imali encane, isinyathelo esibhekiswe kumqashi sihlanganisa:

• Ukukhipha isaziso sokukhokhwa kwemali ekweletwayo, kubuyiselwe emuva iminyaka engu-6
• Inhlawulo efinyelela ku-£20.000 kanye nenhlawulo okungenani engu-£100 yesisebenzi ngasinye noma isisebenzi esithintekile, ngisho noma inani lemali ekhokhwa kancane lincane.
• Izinyathelo zomthetho, okuhlanganisa ukuqulwa kwecala lobugebengu
• Ukuhambisa amagama amabhizinisi nabaqashi eMnyangweni Wezamabhizinisi Nohwebo (DBT), okungabafaka ohlwini lomphakathi

Uma isisebenzi noma isisebenzi singakhokhelwanga ubuncane beholo, bangafaka isicelo enkantolo yezabasebenzi.

Kumelwe bakhethe ukwenza lokhu noma bakhononde ku-HMRC. Abakwazi ukuhambisa udaba olufanayo ngezinqubo ezimbili zomthetho.

Ukuthi yimalini umsebenzi noma umsebenzi angayifuna kuzoncika ohlotsheni lwesinxephezelo abasenzayo. Isibonelo, uma becela ukuthi iholo elincane lingakhokhelwa, bangacela izikweletu zabo kuze kube yiminyaka engu-2 edlule.

Ubani ongafanele ukuthola umholo omncane e-UK?

Awunalungelo lomholo omncane

Lezi zinhlobo zabasebenzi ezilandelayo azinalungelo leNational Minimum Wage noma iNational Living Wage:

• abantu abazisebenzayo abaqhuba amabhizinisi abo
• abaphathi benkampani
• abantu abazinikelayo
• Labo abasebenza ohlelweni lokuqashwa kukahulumeni njengoHlelo Lomsebenzi
• amalungu amasosha
• Amalungu omndeni womqashi ahlala emzini womqashi
• Amalungu angewona omndeni ahlala ekhaya lomqashi, umsebenzi ohlanganyelayo kanye nezokungcebeleka, athathwa njengengxenye yomndeni futhi awakhokhiswa ukudla noma indawo yokuhlala, isb. ama-au-pairs.
• abasebenzi abancane kuneminyaka yokushiya esikoleni (imvamisa engu-16)
• abafundi bemfundo ephakeme kanye nemfundo ephakeme abenza isipiliyoni somsebenzi noma ukufakwa emsebenzini okufika unyaka owodwa
• abasebenzi ezinhlelweni zikahulumeni zangaphambi kokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi
• Abantu abakuzinhlelo ze-European Union (EU): Leonardo da Vinci, Erasmus+, Comenius
• Abantu abasebenza kuze kube amasonto angu-6 ocwaningweni lwe-Jobcentre Plus Work
• ukwabelana abadobi
• iziboshwa
• abantu abahlala futhi basebenze emphakathini wenkolo

Angakanani amahora okusebenza aphezulu ngeviki e-UK?

• Iningi labasebenzi isilinganiso njengoba amahora angaphezu kwama-48 ngesonto akufanele isebenze. Lesi sikhathi ngokuvamile Iviki elingu-17 Ibalwa phakathi nenkathi yereferensi.
• ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-18 abasebenzi, ngokuzikhethela Bangakhetha ukweqa umkhawulo wamahora angu-48. Lokhu,"Amahora angu-48 ngesonto ungalahli ithembaKwaziwa ngokuthi.
• abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 abasebenzi, amahora angaphezu kwama-40 ngesonto noma amahora angaphezu kuka-8 ngosuku ayikwazi ukusebenza.
• Kukhona okuhlukile. Isibonelo, labo abasebenza emabhizinisini noma ezinsizeni eziphuthumayo ezidinga abasebenzi bamahora angu-24 bangase basebenze ngaphezu komkhawulo wamahora angu-48.
• abasebenzi, Amahora angu-11 ngesonto isikhathi sokuphumula esingaphazanyiswa futhi Amahora angu-24 ngesonto unelungelo lesikhathi sokuphumula.
• Inkokhelo yesikhathi esengeziwe okungenani iyiholo elincane elisemthethweni 1,25 izikhathi kufanele kube.

Zingaki izinsuku zekhefu lonyaka elisemthethweni e-UK?

Ilungelo elisemthethweni lekhefu lonyaka

Iningi labasebenzi abasebenza izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto kulindeleke ukuthi bathole okungenani izinsuku ezingama-28 zekhefu lonyaka elikhokhelwayo ngonyaka. Lokhu kulingana namaviki angu-5,6 eholide. 

umsebenzi wesikhashana

Abasebenzi betoho abasebenza amahora avamile unyaka wonke banelungelo lokungenani amasonto angu-5,6 ekhefu elikhokhelwayo, kodwa lokhu kuzoba ngaphansi kwezinsuku ezingu-28. 

Isibonelo, uma besebenza izinsuku ezi-3 ngesonto, kufanele bathathe okungenani izinsuku eziyi-16,8 (3×5,6) zelivu ngonyaka.

Abantu abasebenza amahora angajwayelekile noma ingxenye ethile yonyaka (njengabasebenzi betoho) banelungelo lokufika emavikini angu-5,6 ekhefu elisemthethweni.

Umqashi angase akhethe ukunikeza ilivu eningi kunesilinganiso esincane esisemthethweni. Akudingeki basebenzise yonke imithetho esebenza kwikhefu elisemthethweni baye kwelinye ilivu eyengeziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kudingeke ukuba isisebenzi siqashwe isikhathi esithile ukuze sifaneleke.

Kungenzeka yini ukusebenza ngeSonto eNgilandi?

Ukusebenza ngeSonto kuncike ekutheni lowo muntu ushiwo kunoma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• ukuhlelwa kwebhizinisi
• isitatimende esibhaliwe semigomo nemibandela

Isisebenzi asinakusetshenzwa ngamaSonto ngaphandle kwalapho sivumelana nomqashi waso futhi sikubhale phansi lokhu (ngokwesibonelo, ngaphandle kwalapho sishintsha isivumelwano).

Abaqashi kuyodingeka bakhokhele abasebenzi imali eyengeziwe ngokusebenza ngamaSonto kuphela uma lokhu kuvunyelwana njengengxenye yenkontileka.

Ukusebenza ezitolo nasezitolo zokubheja ngamaSonto

Abasebenzi akudingekile ukuthi basebenze ngamaSonto uma:

• Abasebenzi basesitolo abaqale ukusebenza nomqashi wabo ngomhlaka-26 Agasti 1994 noma ngaphambi kwawo (eNyakatho Ireland lokhu kungomhla zizi-4 kuZibandlela 1997 noma ngaphambi kwalokho)
• Abasebenzi bezitolo zokubheja abaqale ukusebenza nomqashi wabo ngomhlaka-2 Januwari 1995 noma ngaphambi kwalokho (eNyakatho Ireland lokhu kungomhla zingama-26 kuFebhuwari 2004 noma ngaphambi kwawo)
• Bonke abasebenzi kufanele baziswe ngelungelo labo lokusebenza kuleli Sonto lapho beqala ukusebenza.

Ungayeki ukusebenza ngeSonto

Bonke abasebenzi basesitolo bangase bakhethe ukuphuma emsebenzini ngeSonto inqobo nje uma iSonto kungelona lodwa usuku abatholakala ngalo ukuze basebenze. Bangahoxa emsebenzini ngeSonto noma nini uma bethanda, noma ngabe sebekuvumile lokhu enkontilekeni yabo.

Abasebenzi basesitolo kumele:

• Ukwazisa abaqashi babo kusasele izinyanga ezi-3 ukuthi bafuna ukuyeka
• Ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ngamaSonto ngesikhathi sesaziso sezinyanga ezi-3 uma umqashi ecela

Umqashi odinga abasebenzi ukuthi basebenze ngamaSonto kufanele ababhalele laba basebenzi ukuthi bangahoxa kulo msebenzi. Kufanele bakwenze lokhu phakathi nezinyanga ezi-2 umuntu eqala umsebenzi; Uma bengakwenzi, badinga kuphela isaziso senyanga engu-1 ukuze bahoxe.

Ulwazi Olwengeziwe Ngeholo Eliphansi lase-UK:

• Iholo elincane labantu abasebenzayo e-UK impilo efanele isithunzi somuntu bazimisele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bayaqhubeka.
• Iholo elincane, ukwanda kwamandla emali ve isilinganiso sezindleko zokuphila kunqunywa ngokucabangela.
• Ukunquma umholo omncane Ikhomishini Yenkokhelo Ephansi Ibhodi elizimele elibizwa ngokuthi (Low Pay Commission) lisebenza.
• Ikhomishini Yenkokhelo Ephansi, njalo ngonyaka Ukuthi umholo omncane uzonyuswa noma cha ve malini ukwandisa unquma.

Ukubaluleka Kweholo Elincane:

• Iholo elincane, ukunciphisa ubumpofu ve ukungalingani kwezenhlalo isiza ukuxazulula inkinga.
• Iholo elincane, amandla okuthenga abasebenzi iyanda futhi ukusetshenziswa ikhuthaza.
• Iholo elincane, ekukhuleni komnotho uyanikela.

Izinkulumo-mpikiswano Mayelana Neholo Elincane:

• umholo omncane noma sekwanele Izingxoxo ngale ndaba ziyaqhubeka.
• Ezinye zingaphezu kwamaholo amancane ukwanda ngokuqhubekayo Ngenkathi bephikisana ukuthi kuyadingeka
• Ezinye zingaphezu kwamaholo amancane ukwanda kuzokwandisa ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi ivikela.

Iholo elincane labantu abasebenzayo e-UK ilungelo elibalulekileiloli. Ukwenyusa ubuncane beholo, ukunciphisa ubumpofu ve ukungalingani kwezenhlalo kuzosiza ukuxazulula inkinga.

Impilo yokusebenza eNgilandi

Impilo yokusebenza e-UK ngokuvamile isekelwe ohlelweni olusekelwe emithethweni esemthethweni futhi evikela amalungelo abasebenzi abahlukahlukene. Amalungelo abasebenzi kanye nezimo zokusebenza zakheka e-UK ukungenelela okuqhubekayo kokubili kukahulumeni nezinyunyana ezihlukahlukene. Nalu ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nempilo yokusebenza e-UK:

1. Imithetho Namazinga Abasebenzi: I-UK inenani lemithetho neziqondiso ezivikela amalungelo abasebenzi. Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwalokhu uMthetho Wamalungelo Abasebenzi. Lo mthetho ulawula amalungelo ayisisekelo abasebenzi kanye nezibopho zabaqashi ngabasebenzi.
2. Amalungelo AbasebenziAmalungelo abasebenzi e-UK ahlanganisa amahora okusebenza afanelekile, amalungelo ekhefu lonyaka, izinzuzo zezenhlalakahle njengezimpesheni nokunakekelwa kwezempilo, nokukhulelwa nekhefu labazali.
3. Imali Nentela: E-UK, amaholo ayisisekelo afana nomholo omncane anqunywa ngokusemthethweni futhi abaqashi abakwazi ukukhokha iholo elingaphansi kwalo mholo omncane. Ukwengeza, izintela ezinjengentela yeholo kanye neminikelo yomshuwalense kazwelonke idonswa ngokuqondile eholweni lesisebenzi.
4. Ukuthola Umsebenzi Nokufuna Umsebenzi: Abafuna umsebenzi e-UK ngokuvamile bangathola umsebenzi emithonjeni ehlukahlukene. Ukuthunyelwa kwemisebenzi kuvame ukushicilelwa ngamawebhusayithi, amaphephandaba, ama-ejensi emisebenzi kanye namafemu okuqasha. Ukwengeza, uhulumeni unezikhungo zokuqasha kanye nezinsizakalo ezisekelayo ukuze kube lula inqubo yokuthola nokucinga komsebenzi.
5. Isiko Lokusebenza: Isiko lebhizinisi elisebenzayo nelisemthethweni livame ukuvela ezindaweni zokusebenza e-UK. Imihlangano yebhizinisi kanye nokuxhumana kuvame ukuqhutshwa ngolimi olusemthethweni. Ukwengeza, kugcizelelwa ukuhlukahluka nokulingana emsebenzini.
6. Izinyunyana kanye Nokumelwa Kwabasebenzi: E-UK, izinyunyana zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni amalungelo abasebenzi kanye nokuvikela izintshisekelo zabasebenzi. Ezindaweni eziningi zokusebenza, izinyunyana ziyasebenza futhi zimele izintshisekelo zabasebenzi.

Impilo yokusebenza e-UK ilolongwa izimo zezomnotho nezenhlalo ezihlala zishintsha futhi isekelwa imithetho yamanje yezomthetho. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi labo abafisa ukusebenza e-UK banake imithetho neziqondiso zamanje.