IZINHLANGANO ZANGAPHAKATHI

Yini i-International Organisation?

Uhlu Lokuphakathi

Umbuso, ingcindezelo, intshisakalo namaqembu ochwepheshe, amaqembu ezepolitiki kanye nemibono yomhlaba; yizinyunyana ezakhiwe ndawonye ukuze zengezelele amandla azo futhi zenze izifiso zazo nezidingo zazo zamukelwe abanye abadlali njengomlingisi kwezobudlelwano bamanye amazwe. Lezi zinhlangano nezinhlaka zithatha indawo yesibili ubukhulu bokubambisana kwabalingisi bamazwe omhlaba.
Imiphakathi eyasungulwa eGreece yasendulo futhi enemisebenzi ethile ezindaweni zenkolo izibonelo zokuqala zenhlangano. Kodwa-ke, ukusungulwa kwezinhlangano zamanje zamazwe omhlaba eza nge-ajenda ngemuva kweMpi kaNapoleonic. Ekupheleni kwempi, yaqala ngeRhine River Commission eyasungulwa yi-1815 Vienna Congress. Namuhla kunezinhlangano ezingaba ngu-400.
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezinhlangano Zakwamanye Amazwe
Izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke; ihlukaniswa yinyunyana (yendawo yonke, yesifunda), umsebenzi (amasiko, isayensi, impi, ezombusazwe, ezempilo, ezomnotho) kanye neziphathimandla (zamazwe aphesheya, eziphezulu).

Ukwakheka Kwezinhlangano Zomhlaba

Ezinhlanganweni zamazwe aphesheya; Kunezici ezithile izinhlangano okufanele zibe nazo. Ukwahlulela kusuka kulezi zici; emazingeni ayisisekelo kakhulu kufanele kube nenhloso evamile yezifunda okungenani ezintathu. Ubulungu kufanele bube munye noma ngokuhlanganyela nelungelo lokuthola imali okungenani emazweni amathathu. Enye indatshana kufanele kube yisivumelwano sokusungulwa, isakhiwo esisemthethweni lapho amalungu angazikhethela khona ngokuqinile izinhlaka ezilawulayo nezikhulu. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abasebenzi bakahulumeni okufanele babe ngabantu bobuzwe obufanayo ngaphezu kwesikhathi esithile. Ngokuqondene nesabelomali, okungenani izifundazwe ezintathu kufanele zibambe iqhaza ngokugcwele. Futhi inzuzo akufanele iqhutshwe. Elinye iphuzu ukuthi inhlangano yamazwe omhlaba kufanele ibe nakho ukukwazi ukuveza isihloko kusi-ajenda ngokusobala.
Yize izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke zihlukile kwizifundazwe, kunamaphuzu athile acacisa lokhu kwehluka. isb awukho umphakathi wabantu onekhono ngokugcwele futhi onesibopho sikazwelonke. Olunye udaba oluphathelene nokuhleleka kwezinhlangano zamazwe aphesheya. Alikho igunya lokuphoqa noma ngubani ukuthi ahambisane nalezi zinqumo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvela kwezinhlangano zamazwe omhlaba kwenzeka ngesimemezelo sentando yamazwe angamalungu. Elinye iphuzu ngezinhlangano lihlobene nobuntu obungokomthetho bezinhlangano. Ubuntu obungokomthetho benhlangano yamazwe omhlaba bunqunyelwe ngenhloso yenhlangano.

Ubulungu ezinhlanganweni zomhlaba jikelele

Ubulungu kwenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili. Okokuqala ukuthi izifundazwe ezisayine inhlangano kanye nesivumelwano sale nhlangano kuthiwa yibona abasungulayo noma ngamalungu amakhulu. Okwesibili ukuthi amazwe abambe iqhaza kamuva abizwa ngokuthi amazwe angamalungu.
Enye yemigomo eyisisekelo ezinhlanganweni zamazwe ukuthi isuselwe kunqubo ukuthi amazwe angamalungu ayalingana. Kodwa-ke, ngokungahambisani nalesi simo, amavoti welungu elisungulayo noma amanye amazwe angamalungu angayinqabela inqubo ethatha izinqumo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwamukelwa ubulungu, ukuhoxa kanye nokuhoxa ezinhlanganweni kungashintsha futhi kuhluke ezinhlanganweni. Ukwemukelwa ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokubuyekeza nokwamukela izicelo ezivela emazweni angenele okuhlangabezana nezidingo zobulungu.
Elinye iphuzu ukuthi asikho isizathu sokuba yilungu laleyo nhlangano ukuze ubambe iqhaza emsebenzini wenhlangano. Okusho ukuthi, bangaba nesisho esimweni sokubuka. Namuhla, ubulungu ezinhlanganweni zamazwe aphesheya kubhekwa njengokuthuthuka kwezokuphepha, ezomnotho kanye nokubambisana kwizifundazwe eziningi. esimweni sezindawo eziqinile, lesi simo sithathwa njengethuba lokuhlanganisa amandla abo.

IZIHLANGANO ZANGAPHAKATHI

Izinhlangano zihlukaniswe emazweni omhlaba kanye nawesifunda. Uma udinga ukubheka ezinye zazo;
I-African Union (AU)
Inhlangano Yezokuphepha Nokubambisana eYurophu (OSCE)
Inhlangano ye-United States (OAS)
Umnotho Wezomnotho Wamazwe WaseAndean
Isikhungo sase-Asia Samalungelo Abantu
Ibhange leNtuthuko yase-Asia
I-Asia Pacific Cooperation (APEC)
I-EU Yomnotho Wezomnotho (i-EURASEC)
I-Eurasian Patent Organisation (EAPO)
I-European Union
UMkhandlu WaseYurophu (COE)
I-European Patent Institute (EPI)
I-Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Amazwe Angahlukaniswanga Amazwe (NAM)
UMkhandlu wase-Baltic Sea States (CBSS)
Umnotho Wezomnotho Wamazwe AseNtshonalanga Afrika (ECOWAS)
I-Western European Union (WEU)
I-United Nations
UMkhandlu Wokubambisana Kwesifunda
I-Cern (Inhlangano Yezokucwaninga Ngezikhali ZaseYurophu Yurophu)
Umphakathi Wamazwe AseMpumalanga E-Afrika (i-EAC)
IMakethe Ejwayelekile yaseMpumalanga kanye naseCentral Africa (COMESA)
I-World Conservation Association (IUCN)
Inkantolo Yaphakade Yokulamula (i-PCA)
I-World Customs Organisation (DGO)
Inhlangano Yezentengiselwano Yomhlaba (i-WTO)
Inhlangano Yezokubambisana Kwezomnotho (i-ECO)
G20
G3
I-G4 bloc
Izizwe ze-G4
G77
G8
Amazwe ayisishiyagalombili athuthukayo (D-8)
Inhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo (i-FAO)
Ubambiswano Lomphakathi Nezizimele Zomhlaba Wonke (i-GPPP)
I-GUAM
ISouth African Customs Union (SACC)
Umphakathi Wentuthuko waseNingizimu Afrika (i-SADC)
Umphakathi weNhlangano Yezizwe waseNingizimu Melika (CSN)
I-Union of South America Nations (UNASUR)
Inhlangano Yezokubambisana Yasekhaya yeSouth Asia (SAARC)
ISouth Asia Jointvelo Programme (i-SACEP)
Imakethe Ejwayelekile Yaseningizimu (MERCOSUR)
I-South Pacific Geoscience Commission (SOPAC)
Inhlangano Yamazwe Aseningizimu ne-Asia (ASEAN)
Inqubo Yokubambisana Kwasempumalanga YaseYurophu (SEECP)
Isikhungo Sokubambisana Kwezokuphepha (i-RACVIAC)
Inhlangano Yezokubambisana Kwezomnotho Nentuthuko (OECD)
Inhlangano Yezokubambisana KwamaSulumane (i-OIC)
Inhlangano Yezimboni Yezomnotho Ngokubambisana (i-BSEC)
I-Union of Caribbean States (KDB)
Umkhandlu Wokubambisana Kwamazwe we-Gulf Arab (GCC)
Isivumelwano Sokuhweba Amazwe AseNyakatho Melika (NAFTA)
INorth Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Umphakathi weLatin America kanye neCaribbean States (CELAC)
Inhlangano Yesivumelwano Esibanzi Sokuvivinywa Kwama-Nuclear Tests (CTBTO)
I-Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)
Umnotho Wezomnotho Wase-Central African States (CEEAC-ECCAS)
Isistimu Yokuhlanganisa Ephakathi (i-SICA)
Isivumelwano Sokuhweba Amazwe wePacific Island (PICTA)
Isivumelwano Samazwe Ase-Pacific Island Sivumelwano Sobudlelwano Kwezomnotho (PACER)
UMkhandlu Wenhlangano Yezinhlangano Ezifundayo ZasePacific Islands (CROP)
Inhlangano Yamazwe Akhipha Impahla (i-OPEC)
Umphakathi Wamazwe Akhuluma IsiPutukezi (CPLP)
I-Rhine Maritime Center Commission (CCNR)
Inhlangano Yezokubambisana YakwaShanghai (SCO)
I-Turkey State kanye Nemiphakathi Ubungane Bobhuti kanye neCommunity Cooperation
I-Cooperation Council of Turkicazwe Amazwe (Umkhandlu WaseTurkey)
Inhlangano Yezizwe Yezamasiko WaseTurkey (Türksoy)
Amnesty International (AI),
I-International Bureau of Weights and Measure (i-BIPM)
I-International Railways Association (UIC)
I-International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Inhlangano Yezizwe Yezinyathelo Zezomthetho (i-OIML)
Izinhlangano ezinjenge-International Olive Council (IOC) ziphakathi kwezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke nezezifunda.